Scoliosis in Adults: What You Need to Know

Scoliosis — an abnormal lateral curvature of the spine — is not just a condition affecting adolescents. Adult scoliosis is a significant and growing problem, particularly as the population ages. For many adults, scoliosis causes progressive back pain, postural changes, and functional limitations that can substantially diminish quality of life.

Two Types of Adult Scoliosis

The most common form of adult scoliosis develops in older adults as a result of asymmetric degeneration of the intervertebral discs and facet joints — known as de novo or degenerative scoliosis. Over time, this uneven wear causes the spine to gradually curve sideways. De novo scoliosis typically develops after the age of 50 and is often associated with spinal stenosis. Some adults were diagnosed with idiopathic scoliosis during childhood and may see their curves continue to progress throughout adulthood.

Symptoms of Adult Scoliosis

Adults with scoliosis may experience back pain (often the primary concern), postural asymmetry such as uneven shoulders or an uneven waistline, decreased height as curves progress, fatigue with prolonged standing or walking, and nerve symptoms such as leg pain or numbness if scoliosis is associated with stenosis.

Diagnosing Adult Scoliosis

Diagnosis begins with a clinical examination assessing spinal curvature, balance, and neurological function. Standing X-rays of the full spine are the cornerstone of evaluation, allowing measurement of the Cobb angle — the standard measure of curve severity. MRI is used to evaluate nerve involvement and disc degeneration.

Treatment Options for Adult Scoliosis

Non-Surgical Treatment

Many patients with adult scoliosis are successfully managed without surgery. Conservative options include physical therapy to strengthen core and paraspinal muscles, pain management with anti-inflammatory medications and targeted injections, and bracing in selected cases. The primary goal of conservative care is managing symptoms and slowing progression.

Surgical Treatment

Surgery is considered for patients with progressive curves, significant neurological involvement especially stenosis, or debilitating pain unresponsive to conservative care. Surgical goals include decompressing pinched nerves, correcting the curve, and stabilizing the spine. Dr. Han Jo Kim, MD has specialized expertise in the management of adult spinal deformity and scoliosis. Contact our New York office to schedule your consultation.

Related reading: How Poor Posture Destroys Your Spine Over Time | Lower Back Pain Relief: What Actually Works | 10 Warning Signs Your Back Pain Needs a Doctor